Summarize at least four (4) nursing diagnoses relevant to individuals with your disease.
Risk for infection (endocarditis) R/T altered valve function.
Anxiety R/T fear of heart disease and implications for lifestyle.
Decreased cardiac output R/T altered valve function.
Activity Intolerance R/T decreased cardiac output and oxygenation.
Thursday, March 31, 2016
Sunday, March 13, 2016
MVP Support Groups
The Society for Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome/Dysautonomia
This support group provides open conversation in a step by step manner starting with introducing yourself and moving on to discussion of the disease to provide education and then opening up the forum to a general discussion where members are able to write, interact and support each other to know they are not alone.
http://www.mitralvalveprolapse.com/
MDJunction Mitral Valve Prolapse Online Support Group
This support groups is set up to act more like a blog where members are all able to post blogs into one stream and they show up in the trending feed where everyone is able to read and comment.
http://www.mdjunction.com/mitral-valve-prolapse
I Have Mitral Valve Prolapse Story Board
This support group is in the format of a trending feed like a blog, but the production of personal stories is encouraged and others are able to respond and give encouragement to each other.
http://www.experienceproject.com/groups/Have-Mitral-Valve-Prolapse/18228
Drugs.com Mitral Valve Prolapse Support Group
This support group is created by a website and has a question and answer format. The members are able to post questions on the forum and other members or the administrators of the website are able to respond to the questions.
http://www.drugs.com/answers/support-group/mitral-valve-prolapse/
Monday, March 7, 2016
MVP Apps
Androidpit Mitral Valve Prolapse App
The app provides information about MVP such as signs and symptoms as well as the treatment for MVP. This app is useful for educating people to a basic understanding of MVP and what ensues with it.
http://www.androidpit.fr/application/mitral.valve.prolapse.causes.diseases.symptoms.prevention.medicine
Mitral Valve Prolapse and Vitamins
This app comes from the Rodale book which indicates that magnesium may be helpful for symptoms related to MVP. The app teaches about the symptoms of MVP and the role magnesium plays .
http://www.mgwater.com/prev1808.shtml
Mitral Valve Prolapse Disease 1.0 APK
This app is an organized educational format that begins with the definition of the disease and follows with the symptoms and then treatment, all in an easy to read manner.
https://apk-dl.com/mitral-valve-prolapse-disease
Mitral Valve Prolapse by Anthony Komaroff
This app is also a book able to be downloaded from itunes. The app provides pictures, in depth explanations, and verifiable references to support the research and claims made throughout the experience.
https://itunes.apple.com/us/book/mitral-valve-prolapse/id718479738?mt=11
The app provides information about MVP such as signs and symptoms as well as the treatment for MVP. This app is useful for educating people to a basic understanding of MVP and what ensues with it.
http://www.androidpit.fr/application/mitral.valve.prolapse.causes.diseases.symptoms.prevention.medicine
Mitral Valve Prolapse and Vitamins
This app comes from the Rodale book which indicates that magnesium may be helpful for symptoms related to MVP. The app teaches about the symptoms of MVP and the role magnesium plays .
http://www.mgwater.com/prev1808.shtml
Mitral Valve Prolapse Disease 1.0 APK
This app is an organized educational format that begins with the definition of the disease and follows with the symptoms and then treatment, all in an easy to read manner.
https://apk-dl.com/mitral-valve-prolapse-disease
Mitral Valve Prolapse by Anthony Komaroff
This app is also a book able to be downloaded from itunes. The app provides pictures, in depth explanations, and verifiable references to support the research and claims made throughout the experience.
https://itunes.apple.com/us/book/mitral-valve-prolapse/id718479738?mt=11
Thursday, March 3, 2016
MVP websites
As MVP remains stable or progresses here are some helpful websites that provide information and reassurance about MVP and what to do in the event of worsening conditions:
American Heart Association (They know a thing or two about hearts)
American Heart Association (They know a thing or two about hearts)
- http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/HeartValveProblemsandDisease/Problem-Mitral-Valve-Prolapse_UCM_450441_Article.jsp#.VtgH9ZMrK9Y
The Mayo Clinic (A good place to start)
- http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-prolapse/basics/definition/con-20024748
The NIH (National Institute of Health, AKA the governments big ole information station)
- https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/mvp
The Society for Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome/Dysautonomia (In case you like stories)
- http://www.mitralvalveprolapse.com/
Monday, February 22, 2016
Treatment of MVP
"Most people who have mitral valve prolapse (MVP) don’t need treatment because they don’t have symptoms and complications" (nih.gov, 2016).
"Even people who do have symptoms may not need treatment. The presence of symptoms doesn’t always mean that the backflow of blood through the valve is significant" (nih.gov,2016).
In the event that MVP has regurgitation the condition is treated with either medications or surgery.
Medications:
Beta blockers- prescribed to treat palpitations and chest discomfort in people with little to no backflow.
Significant backflow and symptoms results in prescriptions of:
Blood thinners- to prevent clots from forming.
Digoxin- to strengthen heart beat.
Diuretics- to remove excess fluid and sodium from the body and lungs.
Flecainide and Procainamide- to regulate heart rhythms.
Vasodilators- to reduce workload on the heart.
(nih.gov, 2016)
Surgery:
Traditionally, surgeons repair or replace the mitral valve.
Repair is more favorable considering it has less risk of infection and has more strength and success in the long run.
Replacements are with pig or cow heart valves, but the downside is that the valves weaken over a ten year period approximately.
(nih.gov, 2016)
(health.sjm.com, 2016)
References
https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/mvp/treatment
"Even people who do have symptoms may not need treatment. The presence of symptoms doesn’t always mean that the backflow of blood through the valve is significant" (nih.gov,2016).
In the event that MVP has regurgitation the condition is treated with either medications or surgery.
Medications:
Beta blockers- prescribed to treat palpitations and chest discomfort in people with little to no backflow.
Significant backflow and symptoms results in prescriptions of:
Blood thinners- to prevent clots from forming.
Digoxin- to strengthen heart beat.
Diuretics- to remove excess fluid and sodium from the body and lungs.
Flecainide and Procainamide- to regulate heart rhythms.
Vasodilators- to reduce workload on the heart.
(nih.gov, 2016)
Surgery:
Traditionally, surgeons repair or replace the mitral valve.
Repair is more favorable considering it has less risk of infection and has more strength and success in the long run.
Replacements are with pig or cow heart valves, but the downside is that the valves weaken over a ten year period approximately.
(nih.gov, 2016)
(health.sjm.com, 2016)
References
https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/mvp/treatment
Monday, February 15, 2016
MVP Signs and Symptoms
Most people with MVP have no symptoms at all, but in the small population that endures symptoms chest pain in the most frequently reported (Webmd.com)
(
Mitral regurgitation also is mostly commonly from MVP and can, over years and decades, lead to congestive heart failure which presents with swelling of the legs and shortness of breath with exertion (Webmd.com).
(
Lesser symptoms linked to MVP include:
References
http://www.webmd.com/heart/mitral-valve-prolapse-symptoms-causes-and-treatment#2
Mitral regurgitation also is mostly commonly from MVP and can, over years and decades, lead to congestive heart failure which presents with swelling of the legs and shortness of breath with exertion (Webmd.com).
(
Lesser symptoms linked to MVP include:
- Heart palpiations
- Dizziness
- Syncope
- Anxiety and panic
- Numbness and tingling of the hands and feet
(Webmd.com)
References
http://www.webmd.com/heart/mitral-valve-prolapse-symptoms-causes-and-treatment#2
Wednesday, February 10, 2016
How to Diagnosis MVP!
The echocardiogram is the gold standard diagnostic tool for determining if a person has mitral valve prolapse (MVP). In a Framington heart study it was determined by Freed et al that the echocardiogram criteria for MVP included classic and non-classic MVP.
Classic MVP: The parasternal long axis view show > 2mm superior displacement of the mitral leaflets into the left atrium during systole, with a leaflet thickness of at least 5mm.
Non-classic MVP: Displacement is > 2mm, with a maximal leaflet thickness of < 5mm.
(medscape.com)
(myheart.net)
(myheart.net)
(clevelandclinicmeded.com)
(ehjcimaging.org)
References
http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/cardiology/mitral-valve-disease/
http://ehjcimaging.oxfordjournals.org/content/11/4/307
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155494-workup#showall
Freed LA, Benjamin EJ, Levy D, et al. Mitral valve prolapse in the general population: the benign nature of echocardiographic features in the Framingham Heart Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002 Oct 2. 40(7):1298-304.
http://myheart.net/articles/mitral-valve-prolapse-part-5-from-fiasco-to-sensibility-how-common-is-it/
Classic MVP: The parasternal long axis view show > 2mm superior displacement of the mitral leaflets into the left atrium during systole, with a leaflet thickness of at least 5mm.
Non-classic MVP: Displacement is > 2mm, with a maximal leaflet thickness of < 5mm.
(medscape.com)
(myheart.net)
(myheart.net)
(clevelandclinicmeded.com)
(ehjcimaging.org)
References
http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/cardiology/mitral-valve-disease/
http://ehjcimaging.oxfordjournals.org/content/11/4/307
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155494-workup#showall
Freed LA, Benjamin EJ, Levy D, et al. Mitral valve prolapse in the general population: the benign nature of echocardiographic features in the Framingham Heart Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002 Oct 2. 40(7):1298-304.
http://myheart.net/articles/mitral-valve-prolapse-part-5-from-fiasco-to-sensibility-how-common-is-it/
Friday, February 5, 2016
How this thing works...Etiology/pathophysiology of MVP.
The mitral valve is made up of three distinct layers: Atrial side, the spongiosa, and the fibrosa of the ventricular side.
(Delling and Vasan, 2014)
Prolapse of the intermediate posterior mitral valve scallop (P2) shown in a long-axis view of (A) a 2-dimensional (2D) transthoracic echocardiogram, (B) a 2D transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) with (C) associated severe, eccentric, anteriorly directed mitral regurgitation, and (D) a 3-dimensional TEE surgical view. AO indicates aorta; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; and RV, right ventricle.
(Delling and Vasan, 2014)
The reason for mitral valve prolapse arises from either of two degenerative processes of main histological phenotypes: diffuse myxomatous disease (Barlow's disease) or fibroelastic deficiency.
Barlow's disease is characterized by thickened and diffusely redundant myxomatous leaflet tissue with disrupted collagen and elastic layers, leading to prolapse.
Fibroelastic deficiency is characterized by decreased connective tissue deficient in collagen, elastin, and proteglycans. This may lead to chordal rupture and flail leaflets, thus causing prolapse to occur.
(Delling and Vasan, 2014)
References
Delling, F. N., & Vasan, R. S. (2014). Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Mitral Valve Prolapse: New Insights Into Disease Progression, Genetics, and Molecular Basis. Circulation, 129(21), 2158-2170.
Tuesday, February 2, 2016
Monday, February 1, 2016
How does it come about???????
An article Delling and Vasan well explains mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and just where it comes from. They state to diagnose the condition it requires a, "physical examination and a 2-dimensional echocardiogram.
The picture provided by the echocardiogram shows the healthcare team the mitral valve of the heart and if the leaflets are ballooning back into the atrium. A non-statistically significant link believes that MVP is more prone in females than in males. According to the Medscape website MVP is the most common valvular abnormality, affecting 2-6% of the population of the United States.
Additionally, the Women's Heart Foundation reports that MVP is the most common of the heart valve conditions and that it affect 6% of all women.
References
- Delling FN,
- Vasan RS
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155494-overview
http://www.womensheart.org/content/heartdisease/mitral_valve_prolapse.asp
http://www.womensheart.org/content/heartdisease/mitral_valve_prolapse.asp
Sunday, January 24, 2016
What MVP is.
Define disease.
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP).
Now, MVP does not stand for Most Valuable Player in this instance, but rather stands for Mitral Valve Prolapse, a minor condition that often goes unnoticed until adulthood. As a reminder the mitral valve sits between the left atrium and ventricle opening and closing to allow blood into the left ventricle and to stop blood from regurgitating back into the left atrium. The condition is congenital and often goes undiagnosed in infants (http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/890425-overview)
Image from www.drugs.com
The valve is composed of two leaflets as seen above which when too small or over grown may lead to blood regurgitating back into the left atrium, which upon auscultation is heard as a whooshing sound between the "lub-dub" of the heart pumping. What makes the prolapse an abnormality is the fact that the leaflets parachute or balloons back into the left atrium allowing or not allowing regurgitation. Additionally, the mitral valve leaflets take on a floppy aspect which creates the parachute effect. The Movement of the the blood due to the left ventricle contracting puts pressure back onto the mitral valve and with the floppiness of the valve leaflets those leaflets balloon back up into the left atrium, most often still keeping all the blood in the left ventricle effectively. The only issues that arise with MVP are rare and are related to continual regurgitation of blood back into left atrium (http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/heart/mvp.html).
Image from www.mottchildren.org Image from
An example of a mitral valve prolapse is seen above on the left and of mitral regurgitation above on the right.
Mitral valve prolapse is not a life threatening or life altering condition. The prolapse rarely causes complications and simply requires monitoring to assure throughout the years that it does not develop into a more serious condition.
References
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP).
Now, MVP does not stand for Most Valuable Player in this instance, but rather stands for Mitral Valve Prolapse, a minor condition that often goes unnoticed until adulthood. As a reminder the mitral valve sits between the left atrium and ventricle opening and closing to allow blood into the left ventricle and to stop blood from regurgitating back into the left atrium. The condition is congenital and often goes undiagnosed in infants (http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/890425-overview)
Image from www.drugs.comThe valve is composed of two leaflets as seen above which when too small or over grown may lead to blood regurgitating back into the left atrium, which upon auscultation is heard as a whooshing sound between the "lub-dub" of the heart pumping. What makes the prolapse an abnormality is the fact that the leaflets parachute or balloons back into the left atrium allowing or not allowing regurgitation. Additionally, the mitral valve leaflets take on a floppy aspect which creates the parachute effect. The Movement of the the blood due to the left ventricle contracting puts pressure back onto the mitral valve and with the floppiness of the valve leaflets those leaflets balloon back up into the left atrium, most often still keeping all the blood in the left ventricle effectively. The only issues that arise with MVP are rare and are related to continual regurgitation of blood back into left atrium (http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/heart/mvp.html).
Image from www.mottchildren.org Image from
An example of a mitral valve prolapse is seen above on the left and of mitral regurgitation above on the right.
Mitral valve prolapse is not a life threatening or life altering condition. The prolapse rarely causes complications and simply requires monitoring to assure throughout the years that it does not develop into a more serious condition.
References
http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/heart/mvp.html
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